Fall is on the way. So are school buses and students carrying…backpacks. You might not think
much about those bags full of books, pencils, crayons and computers, but physical therapists
are.
Why Backpacks Matter
Students will always have things to carry between home and school. A backpack is a great way
to do that, but if they’re too heavy, they can cause problems.
Research has shown that carrying a heavy backpack changes students’ posture, walking speed,
step length and more. Unsurprisingly, we also know that as students walk greater distances and
become more fatigued, all of these changes get worse.
These changes can lead to neck pain, back pain, or other musculoskeletal issues.
How Heavy Is Too Heavy?
How much weight a student can safely carry is directly affected by how much they weigh.
Studies have shown that changes in posture and performance start to occur when the weight of
the backpack is 10% of the student’s body weight. The consensus among experts is that
students should not carry more than 15% of their body weight in a backpack.
Unfortunately, most of the data show that more than half of students are carrying more than the
recommended load.
5 Tips for Parents and Students
To reduce backpack weight and help your student avoid pain, here are a few tips:
- Plan ahead – Each night, go through the backpack and remove items not needed the
next day. Likewise, make sure your student isn’t bringing things home that they won’t
need that night. - Use your locker – Planning ahead can help remove extra weight between home and
school. The locker can lighten the load during the school day. By making a few stops at
their locker, students can avoid carrying extra loads around during the school day. - Pack right – Heavier items should be placed close to the student’s back and lighter
items further away. - Wear it right – Using both shoulder straps, and front or hip straps if you have them to
help distribute the load evenly. The bottom of the pack should be even with the bottom of
the low back. Packs worn too high or low exaggerate postural changes and can restrict
movement. - Pick the right pack – If you’re shopping for a new backpack, look for one with two straps
rather than one. A chest strap and hip belt can help distribute the load. The pack should
also be sized appropriately – no longer than the student’s torso.
You can’t control what your student needs for school. However, you can use these tips to help
reduce the load your student carries, and to make sure that they carry it right.
If your student is having pain in their back, neck, or anywhere else, give us a call at 702-564-6712
today. We’ll help!
References
1) The Influence of the Weight of the Backpack on the Biomechanics of the Child and Adolescent: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With a Meta-Regression
a. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/pep/2023/00000035/00000002/art00007
2) Backpack use in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on
Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association. 2002 ;14(3):122-131.
a. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001577-200214030-00002
3) Effects of Educational session on school backpack use among elementary school students
a. https://www.scielo.br/j/rbfis/a/Y8XW48pPRmSrZbYBrJKPtct/?lang=en&format=html#
4) Effect of Backpack Load Carriage on Cervical Posture in Primary Schoolchildren. 1 Jan. 2012 : 99 –
108.
a. https://content.iospress.com/articles/work/wor01289
Articles/Content:
1) 3 Tips for Backpack Safety
a. https://www.choosept.com/health-tips/3-tips-backpack-safety
2) Backpack Tips from a Pediatric Physical Therapist
a. https://www.highbarhealth.com/blog/backpack-tips-from-a-pediatric-physical-therapist
3) Is your child’s backpack making the grade?
a. http://www.alternatives4children.org/news/pdfs/PT%20RESOURCES%202020/Children
%20and%20Backpacks.pdf1
